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Although the Gender of God in Judaism is referred to in the Tanakh with masculine imagery and grammatical forms, Jewish philosophy does not attribute to God sex, but does attribute gender.〔"G-d has no body, no genitalia, therefore the very idea that G-d is male or female is patently absurd. We refer to G-d using masculine terms simply for convenience's sake, because Hebrew has no neutral gender; G-d is no more male than a table is." (Judaism 101 ). "The fact that we always refer to God as 'He' is also not meant to imply that the concept of sex or gender applies to God." Rabbi Aryeh Kaplan, ''The Aryeh Kaplan Reader'', Mesorah Publications (1983), p. 144〕 At times, Jewish aggadic literature and Jewish mysticism do treat God as gendered. ==Biblical perspectives== The first words of the Tanakh are ''B'reshit bara Elohim'' — "In the beginning God created."〔Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, (Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1990), p. 1.〕 The verb ''bara'' (he created) suggests a masculine subject. ''Elohim'' is also masculine in form. The most common phrases in the Tanakh are ''vayomer Elohim'' and ''vayomer Y Genesis 1:26-27 says that the ''elohim'' were male and female, and humans were made in their image.〔Coogan (2010:176)〕 Again, the verb ''vayomer'' (he said) is masculine; it is never ''vatomer'', the feminine of the same verb form. The personal name of God, ''Y (詳細はPsalms 89:26 God is referred to as Father. "He shall cry unto me, Thou art my Father, My God, and the rock of my salvation."〔ASV 1901, Public Domain〕 In Isaiah 62:5, God is compared to the bridegroom, and his people to the bride. *"For as a young man marrieth a virgin, so shall thy sons marry thee: and as the bridegroom rejoiceth over the bride, so shall thy God rejoice over thee." In Isaiah 63:16, God is directly addressed and called "our Father". * "Thou, O Jehovah, art our Father; our Redeemer from everlasting is thy name." (ASV) To God, according to Judaism, is attributed the fatherly role of protector. He is called the Father of the poor, of the orphan and the widow, their guarantor of justice. He is also called the Father of the king, as the teacher and helper over the judge of Israel.〔Marianne Meye Thompson ''The promise of the Father: Jesus and God in the New Testament'' ch.2 God as Father in the Old Testament and Second Temple Judaism p35 2000 "Christian theologians have often accentuated the distinctiveness of the portrait of God as Father in the New Testament on the basis of an alleged discontinuity"〕 Some literary approaches to the Tanakh have argued that parallels between Biblical stories and earlier Sumerian, Akkadian and Canaanite creation myths show a matriarchal substratum that has been overlaid by a patriarchal approach.〔Neumann, ''The Origins and History of Consciousness'' pages 177-178〕 "In the Bible, the earth is the feminine complement of God: the two combined to form man, who articulates their relationship, for example, in sacrifice."〔Francis Landy, The Song of Songs chapter of ''The Literary Guide to the Bible'', page 314.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gender of God in Judaism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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